Slavophiles and westernizers article about slavophiles. Many of the university press books are available for free download, and some have an additional print version available for purchase. Students will research the contrasting points of view regarding russias future of the slavophiles and westernizers. A history of 18thcentury russian literature ardis, 1980. Opposing groups of intellectuals in 19th century russia. List of books and articles about nicholas i online research.
This was the time of the great figures in russian literature, but also the height of tsarist autocracy. Today, the division between slavophiles and westernizers has reasserted itself in the political and intellectual discourse of postsoviet russia. Just to what degree dostoyevskys thoughts paralleled those of the slavophiles will be outlined in subsequent chapters in three major areasorthodoxy, autocracy, and nationality. These romantic thinkers were the ultimate defenders of all things uniquely russian, especially the orthodox church. He emphasized reason and knowledge, and attacked autocracy and theocracy. He strongly opposed slavophiles on the role of orthodoxy, which he considered a retrograde force. Slavophiles and westernizers article about slavophiles and. Since the 19th century, russias inner conflict has been between the individual and the collective called the westernizers and the slavophiles. Prominent in the 1840s and 50s, the slavophiles believed in the uniqueness of russian culture and contended that russia should rely on its own character and history to determine its future. The slavophiles believed that russias uniqueness lay in the absence of a class struggle in its history, in its land communes and artels, and in its religion, orthodoxy, which they viewed as the only true form of christianity. The history of slavophiles and westernizers in russia. Slavophile definition of slavophile by the free dictionary. Russian nationalism and the divided soul of the westernizers and. Russian literature students britannica kids homework.
Slavophiles article about slavophiles by the free dictionary. The question of russias identity in the discussions between westernizers, slavophiles and eurasianists and an analysis of the consequences in presentday russia. The discovery of chance the life and thought of alexander herzen by aileen m. In late nineteenth century russian history, the slavophiles and westernizers could be defined through their distinctive characteristics. The slavophiles we have discussed in this essay stood on the common ground that the influence of western. One of the earliest and best known examples of such debates is the slavophiles versus westernizers controversy of the 1840s. Slavophiles opposed the influences of western europe in russia.
Uvarovs old 1828 formula provides a simple outline in which to describe and compare the more complicated core of dostoyevskyan and slavophile philosophy. In some contexts of russian history, zapadnichestvo can be contrasted with slavophilia. Slavophile, in russian history, member of a 19thcentury intellectual movement that wanted russias future development to be based on values and institutions derived from the countrys early history. The westernizers were a group of 19th century russian intellectuals who opposed feudalism and the slavophiles in the 1840s. Slavophilism and westernism in 19th century russia sasha westgate. The origins of slavophilism can be traced back to the ideas of thinkers such as prince mikhail shcherbatov, alexander radishchev, poshkov, nikolai novikov, and nikolai karamzin, all of whom contrasted ancient prepetrine russia with the modern postpetrine embodiment, stressing the uniqueness of russian traditions, norms, and ideas. The great age of russian philosophy spans the century between 1830 and 1930 from the famous slavophilewesternizer controversy of the 1830s and 1840s, through the silver age of russian culture at the beginning of the twentieth century, to the formation of a russian philosophical emigration in the wake of the russian revolution. Cambridge university press defense of human dignity edited.
By contrast, russian society was founded on the collectivist principle of the commune united by common interests of its members. Slavophilia is a russian movement originating in the 19th century that wanted the russian empire to be developed upon values and institutions derived from its early history. Dostoyevsky and the slavophiles unt digital library. Slavophiles, westernizers, and the birth of russian. When alexander i came to the throne in march 1801, russia was in a state of hostility with most of europe, though its armies were not actually fighting. Peter the greats historical significance stems not only from his military ambitions and the great expansion of the russian empire under his supervision, but also from his efforts to introduce secular, western customs and ideas into russian culture. Students will prepare for and participate in a debate of the points of view of the slavophiles and westernizers regarding religion, politics, economics, society, and the future of. University of california press over 700 titles from ucps scholarship editions are available to the public.
A history of russian philosophy 18301930 edited by g. Slavophiles and westernizers academic dictionaries and. These include books on art, science, history, music, religion and fiction. Fierce debate raged between the two sides as each addressed a very important question. In contrast, the westernizers formed as a broad alliance of intellectuals against the slavophile ideology. History of a conservative utopia in nineteenthcentury russian thought. He agreed with slavophiles that society had precedence over individualism, but he insisted the society had to allow the expression of individual ideas and rights. The first was known as the stankevich circle, after its leader nikolai stankevich 181840, a very charismatic and muchloved figure who even while still a student at moscow university attracted a number of followers, to whom he introduced german philosophy.
This great intellectual debate for the first time distilled two contrasting interpretations of russias past and future. Slavophile synonyms, slavophile pronunciation, slavophile translation, english dictionary definition of slavophile. The new emperor quickly made peace with both france and britain and restored normal relations with austria. The history of slavophiles and westernizers in russia sputnik news. There were also similar movements in poland, hungary and greece. Western philosophy first gained a toehold in 18thcentury russia due to the extraordinary efforts of catherine the great, who read locke and adopted some of. Origins and implications vladimir putin biography, kgb, russian orthodox church, slavophiles and westernizers, putin and president george w. He states that the result of exploring ones past has made russia condemn its own history and culture as barbaric in contrast to.
Intellectual life was in ferment, the revolutionary movement took form, and the two schools of thought held by slavophiles and westernizers emerged. European history was predicated on state despotism and the constant struggle between egoistic individuals and antagonistic social groups in the conditions of unfettered capitalism. The slavophiles held that russian civilization was unique. Writer alexander herzen described their ideological disputes, held at moscows literary salons, in his book my past and thoughts. Slavophile thought and the politics of cultural nationalism suny series in national identities 9780791466940. Slavophiles synonyms, slavophiles pronunciation, slavophiles translation, english dictionary definition of slavophiles. The french revolution in russian intellectual life, 1865. Archimandrite gavriil vasily voskresensky, who cofounded the slavophile movement, published his book russian philosophy in kazan in. Adele barker is professor of russian and slavic studies at the university of arizona. Russian nationalism and the divided soul of the westernizers and slavophiles. Folklore in the debates of the westernizers and slavophiles. Students will learn about the reign of nicholas i, which was characterized by repression, yet also the flowering of literature and intellectual ideas. Aleksandr herzen depicted the two camps of westernizers and slavophiles as grown inseparably together, but twoheaded like the roman god janus. The westernizers were initially formed of two philosophical circles in the 1830s, who came together in the 1840s.
Source for information on slavophiles and westernizers. Check out the new look and enjoy easier access to your favorite features. Other prisoncamp books were written by yevgenia ginzburg, maria ioffe, lev kopelev, andrei amalrik, and vladimir bukovski. Slavophiles and westernizers in russia valdai club. He has written, translated and edited many books in russian history, including politics of the russian nobility, 18811905 1984, boris chicherin and. Slavophiles and westernizers, designation for two groups of intellectuals in mid19thcentury russia that represented opposing schools of thought concerning the nature of russian civilization. Slavophilia is an intellectual movement originating from the 19th century that wanted the russian empire to be developed upon values and institutions derived from its early history. Slavophilia was an intellectual movement originating from the 19th century that wanted the russian empire to be developed upon values and institutions derived from its early history. Westernizers believe that russia is fundamentally a european country, that it shares. European historya controversial idea that makes the book exciting reading. Russian folklore played an important role in the debates of the slavophiles and westernizers about national identity. Fulfillment by amazon fba is a service we offer sellers that lets them store their products in amazons fulfillment centers, and we directly pack, ship, and provide customer service for these products. Westerners the westerners desired the development of russian capitalism and, with it, the establishment of a middle class. The slavophiles were a group that fashioned an ideology out of a desire for love, harmony, and religion.
The french revolution in russian intellectual life, 18651905. Journal of the society for psychological anthropology 4 4. They felt that this class would be able to control a capitalist system and parliament rejected feudalism political life russian culture westerners were the. Slavophiles were especially opposed to the influences of western europe in russia. Slavophile tendencies predominated in the philosophical process, in the sphere of creative thought, whereas westernizers ideas were influential in social processes and shaping popular consciousness. Developing in the 1830s from study circles concerned with german philosophy, the slavophiles were influenced greatly by friedrich schelling. He strongly opposed slavophiles on the role of orthodoxy, which he considered a.
Popular culture, sex, and society since gorbachev, also published by duke university press. Slavophiles and westernizers were two groups of intellectuals in. Professionally converted for accurate flowingtext ebook format reproduction, this military study of russian antiamericanism and the recent collapse of postsoviet relations also presents a fascinating and enlightening biography of russian president vladimir putin. Bush, nationalism, nato by progressive management available from rakuten kobo. Goals students should learn the following information and skills. They also saw the same unique historical development among other slavs, especially the. He states that the result of exploring ones past has made russia condemn its own history and culture as barbaric in contrast to western culture 179. Russian slavophiles and westernizers both agreed that.
There were also similar movements in poland, serbia and croatia, bulgaria, and czechoslovakia. Some slavophiles adduced folksongs as evidence of the essential christianity. They also saw the same unique historical development among other slavs, especially the south slavs. I found the chapters on slavophiles and art especially stimulating and original. Jul 29, 2007 western philosophy first gained a toehold in 18thcentury russia due to the extraordinary efforts of catherine the great, who read locke and adopted some of his educational reforms, corresponded. The slavophiles were a group of 19th century russian intellectuals who were drown together by common beliefs, attitudes, and aspirations in such fundamental issues as religion, philosophy and the problem of russia and the west. Slavophiles definition of slavophiles by the free dictionary. By georgina h brandt february 5, 2003 the conflict between slavophiles and westernizers in dostoevskys the brothers karamazov in the brothers karamazov, dostoevsky expounds on the conflict between slavophiles and westernizers, which has existed in russia since the reign of tsar peter the great in the 18th century.
Developing in the 1830s from study circles concerned with german philosophy, the slavophiles were. Cambridge university press defense of human dignity edited by. A contribution to history of russian messianism, 2nd part. Russian history keeps change as this debate continues. Imperial russias illiberal path engelstein, laura on. List of books and articles about nicholas i online.
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